Para além das estratégias genéricas: uma proposta de metodologia de operacionalização do posicionamento competitivo de Michael Porter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i3.1746Keywords:
Estratégia Competitiva, Posicionamento Competitivo, Micro e Pequenas EmpresasAbstract
As micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) brasileiras atuam em contextos peculiares e cumprem um papel importante na geração de emprego e renda, sendo as dificuldades com o planejamento um fator de mortalidade precoce. Considerando que uma posição competitiva adequada contribui para as empresas alcançarem níveis superiores de lucratividade em seus segmentos, bem como que o processo de planejamento da estratégia competitiva pressupõe a análise do posicionamento atual, considera-se relevante identificar o posicionamento competitivo corrente dessas empresas, no processo da estratégia de negócios. Para mapear o posicionamento competitivo das MPEs pesquisadas neste estudo metodológico, bibliográfico e de campo, desenvolveu-se estrutura para investigar aspectos extraídos da base teórica relativos a características do posicionamento competitivo, do desempenho competitivo e do setor de atuação. O nível de adequação das MPEs à teoria do posicionamento competitivo foi avaliado com base em dados coletados por meio de questionário estruturado, que foram tratados com a utilização de estatísticas descritivas. O problema da operacionalização do posicionamento competitivo empresarial restou superado, em razão do alcance dos objetivos da pesquisa. Para a teoria, o produto desta pesquisa metodológica adiciona um instrumento operacional inédito para auxiliar no diagnóstico e planejamento do posicionamento estratégico competitivo. Para a prática empresarial, em particular para o tipo estudado de MPEs, constitui mecanismo de análise, mapeamento e comparação da estratégia competitiva corrente das empresas, cujo diagnóstico resultante pode ser aplicado como subsídio às escolhas estratégicas futuras, com potencial para contribuir para a coerência e a consistência da estratégia competitiva dessas empresas, ao longo do tempo.
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